Neural State Classification for Hybrid Systems
This addresses the problem of efficient state classification in hybrid systems for applications like model checking, though it is incremental as it builds on existing machine-learning techniques with specific improvements.
The paper tackles the State Classification Problem for hybrid systems by introducing Neural State Classification, which uses deep neural networks to classify states based on time-bounded reachability specifications, achieving accuracies of 99.25% to 99.98% and reducing false-negative rates to as low as 0.0015 after tuning.
We introduce the State Classification Problem (SCP) for hybrid systems, and present Neural State Classification (NSC) as an efficient solution technique. SCP generalizes the model checking problem as it entails classifying each state $s$ of a hybrid automaton as either positive or negative, depending on whether or not $s$ satisfies a given time-bounded reachability specification. This is an interesting problem in its own right, which NSC solves using machine-learning techniques, Deep Neural Networks in particular. State classifiers produced by NSC tend to be very efficient (run in constant time and space), but may be subject to classification errors. To quantify and mitigate such errors, our approach comprises: i) techniques for certifying, with statistical guarantees, that an NSC classifier meets given accuracy levels; ii) tuning techniques, including a novel technique based on adversarial sampling, that can virtually eliminate false negatives (positive states classified as negative), thereby making the classifier more conservative. We have applied NSC to six nonlinear hybrid system benchmarks, achieving an accuracy of 99.25% to 99.98%, and a false-negative rate of 0.0033 to 0, which we further reduced to 0.0015 to 0 after tuning the classifier. We believe that this level of accuracy is acceptable in many practical applications, and that these results demonstrate the promise of the NSC approach.