Whole Slide Images based Cancer Survival Prediction using Attention Guided Deep Multiple Instance Learning Networks
This addresses scalable survival prediction for cancer patients using histopathological images, offering improved interpretability and personalized risk assessment, though it builds incrementally on existing MIL frameworks.
The authors tackled cancer survival prediction from whole slide images by proposing DeepAttnMISL, which uses attention-guided multiple instance learning to efficiently learn and aggregate features without patch labeling, achieving more effective and interpretable results on two large datasets.
Traditional image-based survival prediction models rely on discriminative patch labeling which make those methods not scalable to extend to large datasets. Recent studies have shown Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) framework is useful for histopathological images when no annotations are available in classification task. Different to the current image-based survival models that limit to key patches or clusters derived from Whole Slide Images (WSIs), we propose Deep Attention Multiple Instance Survival Learning (DeepAttnMISL) by introducing both siamese MI-FCN and attention-based MIL pooling to efficiently learn imaging features from the WSI and then aggregate WSI-level information to patient-level. Attention-based aggregation is more flexible and adaptive than aggregation techniques in recent survival models. We evaluated our methods on two large cancer whole slide images datasets and our results suggest that the proposed approach is more effective and suitable for large datasets and has better interpretability in locating important patterns and features that contribute to accurate cancer survival predictions. The proposed framework can also be used to assess individual patient's risk and thus assisting in delivering personalized medicine. Codes are available at https://github.com/uta-smile/DeepAttnMISL_MEDIA.