Observers Pupillary Responses in Recognising Real and Posed Smiles: A Preliminary Study
This research addresses the problem of measuring emotional authenticity for applications in affective computing and human-computer interaction, offering an incremental approach by using observer responses rather than smiler responses.
This preliminary study investigated whether human observers' pupillary responses (PR) could differentiate between real and posed smiles. The researchers found that PR differences between real and posed smiles were most significant when observers viewed paired videos of the same smiler, as confirmed by timeline analysis, KS-test, and ANOVA test.
Pupillary responses (PR) change differently for different types of stimuli. This study aims to check whether observers PR can recognise real and posed smiles from a set of smile images and videos. We showed the smile images and smile videos stimuli to observers, and recorded their pupillary responses considering four different situations, namely paired videos, paired images, single videos, and single images. When the same smiler was viewed by observers in both real and posed smile forms, we refer them as paired; otherwise we use the term single. The primary analysis on pupil data revealed that the differences of pupillary response between real and posed smiles are more significant in case of paired videos compared to others. This result is found from timeline analysis, KS-test, and ANOVA test. Overall, our model can recognise real and posed smiles from observers pupillary responses instead of smilers responses. Our research will be applicable in affective computing and computer-human interaction for measuring emotional authenticity.