Neural Predictive Control for the Optimization of Smart Grid Flexibility Schedules
This addresses the problem of slow optimization for large power systems, offering faster scheduling for grid operators, though it is incremental as it builds on existing MPC and imitation learning methods.
The paper tackled the computational bottleneck of model predictive control (MPC) for smart grid scheduling by proposing a Neural Predictive Control (NPC) scheme that learns optimal control policies through imitation, achieving near-optimal solutions while reducing calculation time by an order of magnitude.
Model predictive control (MPC) is a method to formulate the optimal scheduling problem for grid flexibilities in a mathematical manner. The resulting time-constrained optimization problem can be re-solved in each optimization time step using classical optimization methods such as Second Order Cone Programming (SOCP) or Interior Point Methods (IPOPT). When applying MPC in a rolling horizon scheme, the impact of uncertainty in forecasts on the optimal schedule is reduced. While MPC methods promise accurate results for time-constrained grid optimization they are inherently limited by the calculation time needed for large and complex power system models. Learning the optimal control behaviour using function approximation offers the possibility to determine near-optimal control actions with short calculation time. A Neural Predictive Control (NPC) scheme is proposed to learn optimal control policies for linear and nonlinear power systems through imitation. It is demonstrated that this procedure can find near-optimal solutions, while reducing the calculation time by an order of magnitude. The learned controllers are validated using a benchmark smart grid.