Improved Active Learning via Dependent Leverage Score Sampling
This work addresses the challenge of sample efficiency in active learning for applications like parametric PDEs and uncertainty quantification, offering an incremental improvement over existing methods.
The paper tackles the problem of active learning in the agnostic setting by proposing a non-independent sampling method based on pivotal sampling, which reduces the number of samples needed to reach a target accuracy by up to 50% compared to independent sampling.
We show how to obtain improved active learning methods in the agnostic (adversarial noise) setting by combining marginal leverage score sampling with non-independent sampling strategies that promote spatial coverage. In particular, we propose an easily implemented method based on the \emph{pivotal sampling algorithm}, which we test on problems motivated by learning-based methods for parametric PDEs and uncertainty quantification. In comparison to independent sampling, our method reduces the number of samples needed to reach a given target accuracy by up to $50\%$. We support our findings with two theoretical results. First, we show that any non-independent leverage score sampling method that obeys a weak \emph{one-sided $\ell_{\infty}$ independence condition} (which includes pivotal sampling) can actively learn $d$ dimensional linear functions with $O(d\log d)$ samples, matching independent sampling. This result extends recent work on matrix Chernoff bounds under $\ell_{\infty}$ independence, and may be of interest for analyzing other sampling strategies beyond pivotal sampling. Second, we show that, for the important case of polynomial regression, our pivotal method obtains an improved bound on $O(d)$ samples.