Fast-DDPM: Fast Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models for Medical Image-to-Image Generation
This addresses a critical bottleneck for medical imaging researchers and practitioners by making diffusion models more practical for disease diagnosis and treatment planning, though it is an incremental improvement on existing methods.
The paper tackled the high computational cost of denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) in medical imaging by introducing Fast-DDPM, which uses only 10 time steps instead of 1,000, reducing training time to 0.2x and sampling time to 0.01x while outperforming DDPM and other state-of-the-art methods in tasks like super-resolution, denoising, and translation.
Denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) have achieved unprecedented success in computer vision. However, they remain underutilized in medical imaging, a field crucial for disease diagnosis and treatment planning. This is primarily due to the high computational cost associated with (1) the use of large number of time steps (e.g., 1,000) in diffusion processes and (2) the increased dimensionality of medical images, which are often 3D or 4D. Training a diffusion model on medical images typically takes days to weeks, while sampling each image volume takes minutes to hours. To address this challenge, we introduce Fast-DDPM, a simple yet effective approach capable of improving training speed, sampling speed, and generation quality simultaneously. Unlike DDPM, which trains the image denoiser across 1,000 time steps, Fast-DDPM trains and samples using only 10 time steps. The key to our method lies in aligning the training and sampling procedures to optimize time-step utilization. Specifically, we introduced two efficient noise schedulers with 10 time steps: one with uniform time step sampling and another with non-uniform sampling. We evaluated Fast-DDPM across three medical image-to-image generation tasks: multi-image super-resolution, image denoising, and image-to-image translation. Fast-DDPM outperformed DDPM and current state-of-the-art methods based on convolutional networks and generative adversarial networks in all tasks. Additionally, Fast-DDPM reduced the training time to 0.2x and the sampling time to 0.01x compared to DDPM. Our code is publicly available at: https://github.com/mirthAI/Fast-DDPM.