MaskPlanner: Learning-Based Object-Centric Motion Generation from 3D Point Clouds
This addresses the problem of scalable and generalizable motion planning for industrial applications, offering a data-driven solution that reduces engineering overhead, though it is incremental as it builds on learning-based methods for robotics.
The paper tackles object-centric motion generation from 3D point clouds for industrial tasks like robotic spray painting, achieving near-complete coverage above 99% on unseen objects and expert-level painting quality in real-world validation.
Object-Centric Motion Generation (OCMG) plays a key role in a variety of industrial applications$\unicode{x2014}$such as robotic spray painting and welding$\unicode{x2014}$requiring efficient, scalable, and generalizable algorithms to plan multiple long-horizon trajectories over free-form 3D objects. However, existing solutions rely on specialized heuristics, expensive optimization routines, or restrictive geometry assumptions that limit their adaptability to real-world scenarios. In this work, we introduce a novel, fully data-driven framework that tackles OCMG directly from 3D point clouds, learning to generalize expert path patterns across free-form surfaces. We propose MaskPlanner, a deep learning method that predicts local path segments for a given object while simultaneously inferring "path masks" to group these segments into distinct paths. This design induces the network to capture both local geometric patterns and global task requirements in a single forward pass. Extensive experimentation on a realistic robotic spray painting scenario shows that our approach attains near-complete coverage (above 99%) for unseen objects, while it remains task-agnostic and does not explicitly optimize for paint deposition. Moreover, our real-world validation on a 6-DoF specialized painting robot demonstrates that the generated trajectories are directly executable and yield expert-level painting quality. Our findings crucially highlight the potential of the proposed learning method for OCMG to reduce engineering overhead and seamlessly adapt to several industrial use cases.