LGAug 1, 2025

OID-PPO: Optimal Interior Design using Proximal Policy Optimization by Transforming Design Guidelines into Reward Functions

arXiv:2508.00364v1h-index: 13
Originality Highly original
AI Analysis

This work addresses the problem of efficient and high-quality interior design automation for architects and occupants, representing a novel method for a known bottleneck in the field.

The paper tackles the challenge of automated residential interior design by proposing OID-PPO, a reinforcement learning framework that integrates expert design guidelines into reward functions, resulting in significantly improved layout quality and computational efficiency compared to state-of-the-art methods.

Designing residential interiors strongly impacts occupant satisfaction but remains challenging due to unstructured spatial layouts, high computational demands, and reliance on expert knowledge. Existing methods based on optimization or deep learning are either computationally expensive or constrained by data scarcity. Reinforcement learning (RL) approaches often limit furniture placement to discrete positions and fail to incorporate design principles adequately. We propose OID-PPO, a novel RL framework for Optimal Interior Design using Proximal Policy Optimization, which integrates expert-defined functional and visual guidelines into a structured reward function. OID-PPO utilizes a diagonal Gaussian policy for continuous and flexible furniture placement, effectively exploring latent environmental dynamics under partial observability. Experiments conducted across diverse room shapes and furniture configurations demonstrate that OID-PPO significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of layout quality and computational efficiency. Ablation studies further demonstrate the impact of structured guideline integration and reveal the distinct contributions of individual design constraints.

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