SenseRay-3D: Generalizable and Physics-Informed Framework for End-to-End Indoor Propagation Modeling
This addresses the need for scalable and efficient wireless network planning by eliminating manual geometry and material modeling, though it builds incrementally on prior work like EM DeepRay.
The paper tackles the problem of modeling indoor radio propagation by introducing SenseRay-3D, an end-to-end framework that predicts 3D path-loss heatmaps from RGB-D scans, achieving a mean absolute error of 4.27 dB on unseen environments and real-time inference at 217 ms per sample.
Modeling indoor radio propagation is crucial for wireless network planning and optimization. However, existing approaches often rely on labor-intensive manual modeling of geometry and material properties, resulting in limited scalability and efficiency. To overcome these challenges, this paper presents SenseRay-3D, a generalizable and physics-informed end-to-end framework that predicts three-dimensional (3D) path-loss heatmaps directly from RGB-D scans, thereby eliminating the need for explicit geometry reconstruction or material annotation. The proposed framework builds a sensing-driven voxelized scene representation that jointly encodes occupancy, electromagnetic material characteristics, and transmitter-receiver geometry, which is processed by a SwinUNETR-based neural network to infer environmental path-loss relative to free-space path-loss. A comprehensive synthetic indoor propagation dataset is further developed to validate the framework and to serve as a standardized benchmark for future research. Experimental results show that SenseRay-3D achieves a mean absolute error of 4.27 dB on unseen environments and supports real-time inference at 217 ms per sample, demonstrating its scalability, efficiency, and physical consistency. SenseRay-3D paves a new path for sense-driven, generalizable, and physics-consistent modeling of indoor propagation, marking a major leap beyond our pioneering EM DeepRay framework.