Towards Pixel-Wise Anomaly Location for High-Resolution PCBA via Self-Supervised Image Reconstruction
This addresses the problem of automated defect inspection for PCBA manufacturing, which is incremental as it builds on existing self-supervised reconstruction approaches with specific optimizations for high-resolution images.
The paper tackles automated defect inspection of high-resolution PCBA images with insufficient labeled data and micro-defects by presenting HiSIR-Net, a self-supervised reconstruction framework that achieves superior pixel-wise localization performance with low false positive rates while running at practical speed.
Automated defect inspection of assembled Printed Circuit Board Assemblies (PCBA) is quite challenging due to the insufficient labeled data, micro-defects with just a few pixels in visually-complex and high-resolution images. To address these challenges, we present HiSIR-Net, a High resolution, Self-supervised Reconstruction framework for pixel-wise PCBA localization. Our design combines two lightweight modules that make this practical on real 4K-resolution boards: (i) a Selective Input-Reconstruction Gate (SIR-Gate) that lets the model decide where to trust reconstruction versus the original input, thereby reducing irrelevant reconstruction artifacts and false alarms; and (ii) a Region-level Optimized Patch Selection (ROPS) scheme with positional cues to select overlapping patch reconstructions coherently across arbitrary resolutions. Organically integrating these mechanisms yields clean, high-resolution anomaly maps with low false positive (FP) rate. To bridge the gap in high-resolution PCBA datasets, we further contribute a self-collected dataset named SIPCBA-500 of 500 images. We conduct extensive experiments on our SIPCBA-500 as well as public benchmarks, demonstrating the superior localization performance of our method while running at practical speed. Full code and dataset will be made available upon acceptance.