Implications of Grid-Forming Inverter Parameters on Disturbance Localization and Controllability
This work addresses the challenge of controlling large-scale power systems as they transition to inverter-based generation, which is incremental in analyzing specific dynamic implications.
The paper investigates how replacing synchronous generators with grid-forming inverters in power systems leads to more localized disturbance responses and increased controllability, showing that these effects are due to lower inverter inertia and have implications for feedback measurement placement and actuator selection in wide-area control systems.
The shift from traditional synchronous generator (SG) based power generation to generation driven by power electronic devices introduces new dynamic phenomena and considerations for the control of large-scale power systems. In this paper, two aspects of all-inverter power systems are investigated: greater localization of system disturbance response and greater system controllability. The prevalence of both of these aspects are shown to be related to the lower effective inertia of inverters and have implications for future widearea control system design. Greater disturbance localization implies the need for feedback measurement placement close to generator nodes to properly reject disturbances in the system while increased system controllability implies that widearea control systems should preferentially actuate inverters to most efficiently control the system. This investigation utilizes reduced-order linear time-invariant models of both SGs and inverters that are shown to capture the frequency dynamics of interest in both all-SG and all-inverter systems, allowing for the efficient use of both frequency and time domain analysis methods.