Emergency-Aware and Frequency-Constrained HVDC Planning for A Multi-Area Asynchronously Interconnected Grid
This addresses frequency stability issues for power grid operators integrating HVDC lines, but it is incremental as it builds on existing HVDC planning with specific control enhancements.
The paper tackles the frequency security challenges from HVDC faults in multi-area grids by proposing an emergency-aware planning method, resulting in a solution that balances economic efficiency with frequency security requirements.
High-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology has played a crucial role for long-distance transmission of renewable power generation. However, the integration of large-capacity HVDC lines introduces significant frequency security challenges during HVDC fault emergencies. This paper proposes an emergency-aware and frequency-constrained HVDC planning method to optimize the capacity of inter-area HVDC tie-lines in a multi-area asynchronously interconnected grid. Firstly, a coordinated emergency frequency control scheme is proposed to allocate the emergency control resources during HVDC faults. Then, an enhanced system frequency response model integrating event-driven emergency frequency control is developed and a weighted oblique decision tree approach is employed to extract frequency nadir security constraints. The proposed planning model considers all potential HVDC fault emergencies while treating candidate HVDC capacities as decision variables. Simulation results demonstrate superior performance in balancing economic efficiency with frequency security requirements, providing a practical solution for inter-area HVDC planning.