NCR vs. Passive/Active RIS: How Much NCR Amplification is Required to Beat RIS?
It provides design guidelines for integrating RISs and NCRs in future wireless networks, addressing a specific deployment problem for wireless communication systems.
This paper investigates the tradeoff between reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) and network-controlled repeaters (NCRs) in wireless communication, deriving closed-form SNR expressions to show that NCRs can outperform RISs when deployed near the user with sufficient amplification, as quantified by numerical results.
This paper investigates the fundamental tradeoff between reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) and network-controlled repeaters (NCRs) in terms of achievable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Considering an uplink system with a multi-antenna base station (BS) and a single-antenna user equipment (UE), we derive closed-form SNR expressions for passive RIS-, active RIS-, and NCR-assisted communication under line-of-sight propagation between the BS-RIS/NCR and RIS/NCR-UE. Both narrowband and wideband transmissions are analyzed, with and without the presence of a direct BS--UE link. Our analysis reveals a key structural difference: while the SNR achieved with RISs grows unboundedly with the number of RIS elements, the SNR provided by an NCR is fundamentally limited by the UE--repeater channel due to noise amplification. Nevertheless, we show that NCRs can outperform both passive and active RISs when deployed close to the UE, provided that sufficient amplification is available. Numerical results based on realistic path loss models quantify the amplification levels required for NCRs to outperform RISs across different deployment geometries and system dimensions. These findings provide clear design guidelines for the practical integration of RISs and NCRs in future wireless networks.