Pressure-Robust $H(\mathrm{div})$-Conforming HDG Methods for the Steady Stokes Equations with an Application to Tangential Boundary Control
This work addresses pressure robustness in Stokes flow simulations, particularly for tangential boundary control problems, representing an incremental improvement over prior methods by relaxing pressure regularity assumptions.
The authors developed a family of H(div)-conforming hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin methods for the steady Stokes equations, achieving exactly divergence-free discrete velocities for pressure robustness, with optimal energy-norm and L^2-velocity convergence rates confirmed in numerical experiments.
We develop a family of $H(\mathrm{div})$-conforming hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin methods for the steady Stokes equations based on BDM and RT velocity spaces with either discontinuous or continuous hybrid traces. In contrast to our earlier pressure-robust HDG method for tangential boundary control, the present analysis does not require the pressure to belong to $H^1$; instead, the consistency argument only assumes low pressure regularity. The discrete velocities are exactly divergence-free, which yields pressure robustness. For the BDM variants we derive optimal energy-norm estimates and optimal $L^2$-velocity convergence, while for the RT variants we obtain optimal velocity convergence and weaker pressure estimates. We also analyze the hybridized linear system and prove a uniform spectral equivalence for the pressure Schur complement relevant to iterative solvers. As an application, we revisit the Stokes tangential boundary control problem and derive error estimates for the control, state, and adjoint variables using the BDM discontinuous-trace scheme. Two- and three-dimensional numerical experiments confirm the predicted convergence rates, the exact divergence-free property, and the robustness of the method with respect to the viscosity parameter.