Motion-Coupled Sensing: When the State Change Powers Its Own Sensing
For IoT deployments in access-monitoring scenarios (e.g., bins, doors, cabinets), this work enables self-powered sensing without batteries, removing maintenance overhead.
The paper introduces motion-coupled sensing, a principle where hinge motion powers a wake-sense-transmit transaction including ultrasonic sensing and LoRa uplink. In field deployments, waste-bin monitoring achieved 99.3% per-event transmission reliability over 5,945 actuations, while door and cabinet deployments achieved 92% and 94% success rates, eliminating the need for batteries or periodic polling.
Batteryless IoT systems have largely followed two paths: ambient-energy sensing, where energy arrival is decoupled from the event being monitored, and kinetic event telegrams, where a user actuation powers a short report of the actuation itself. Mechanically gated states expose a third case: the access motion is not only an event to report, but the moment at which a latent physical state may have changed and must be measured. We show that routine hinge motion can supply enough energy for one bounded wake-sense-transmit transaction, including ultrasonic sensing and a long-range LoRa uplink. We call this principle motion-coupled sensing and instantiate it with an open-source compact electromagnetic harvester that retrofits to bins, doors, and cabinets with no structural modification. We size the platform for the most demanding workload, waste-bin monitoring, where each actuation must power both an ultrasonic measurement and a long-range LoRa uplink. Across five campus locations and 5,945 lid actuations, the bin deployment achieves 99.3% per-event transmission reliability. Field deployments on room doors with 1,870 actuations and office cabinets with 1,636 actuations achieve 92% and 94% transmission success respectively, demonstrating that the same energy envelope transfers across hinge geometries without hardware redesign. These results show that mechanical access can be treated as a self-powered sensing transaction, removing periodic polling and scheduled battery maintenance for IoT deployments.