GCTAM: Global and Contextual Truncated Affinity Combined Maximization Model For Unsupervised Graph Anomaly Detection
It addresses the challenge of detecting anomalies like malicious users in social graphs without labels, offering an incremental improvement over existing truncated affinity maximization methods.
The paper tackles the problem of inefficient truncation in unsupervised graph anomaly detection by proposing a model that combines contextual and global affinity to better identify anomalies, achieving improvements of +15% to +20% on Amazon and YelpChi datasets and handling large datasets where previous models fail.
Anomalies often occur in real-world information networks/graphs, such as malevolent users, malicious comments, banned users, and fake news in social graphs. The latest graph anomaly detection methods use a novel mechanism called truncated affinity maximization (TAM) to detect anomaly nodes without using any label information and achieve impressive results. TAM maximizes the affinities among the normal nodes while truncating the affinities of the anomalous nodes to identify the anomalies. However, existing TAM-based methods truncate suspicious nodes according to a rigid threshold that ignores the specificity and high-order affinities of different nodes. This inevitably causes inefficient truncations from both normal and anomalous nodes, limiting the effectiveness of anomaly detection. To this end, this paper proposes a novel truncation model combining contextual and global affinity to truncate the anomalous nodes. The core idea of the work is to use contextual truncation to decrease the affinity of anomalous nodes, while global truncation increases the affinity of normal nodes. Extensive experiments on massive real-world datasets show that our method surpasses peer methods in most graph anomaly detection tasks. In highlights, compared with previous state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method has +15\% $\sim$ +20\% improvements in two famous real-world datasets, Amazon and YelpChi. Notably, our method works well in large datasets, Amazin-all and YelpChi-all, and achieves the best results, while most previous models cannot complete the tasks.